A distillation tray is used to mix vapors and liquids together. The better the mixing, the more efficiently the tray works. Tray efficiency also depends on two other factors: how well the droplets of ...

To address growing water scarcity, we must improve the energy efficiency of thermal desalination technologies such as air gap membrane distillation. However, promising functional materials such as ...

The rapid change in population growth and economic development has significantly affected water consumption and enhanced fresh water reserves 1,2. This depletion paved the road for a development in ...

Design guidelines outline solutions for reducing fouling in distillation columns DISTILLATION—1 When designing mass transfer equipment for fouling service, one must first understand the fouling ...