Afferent loop obstruction is a complication arising after reconstructive gastroenteric surgery, most commonly following Billroth II or Roux-en-Y procedures. The afferent limb, which conveys bile and ...

Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a rare and dreaded complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Malignant ALS after PD is usually difficult to manage due to patients' poor condition. Effective and ...

Endoscopy is the insertion of a long, thin tube directly into the body to observe an internal organ — such as the gastrointestinal tract — in detail. Doctors can also use it in imaging, surgery, and ...