Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. While consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference-clock generation, other ...

At the heart of a clocking device is the phased-locked loop (PLL). A key part of the PLL is the loop filter, which converts correction currents from the PLL charge pump into a control voltage for the ...

Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. Consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference clock generation. Other applications, ...

The demand for analog and mixed-signal-based integrated circuits (ICs) has surged due to the increasing reliance on electronic-based applications across industries. As the world transitions to more ...

Phase-locked-loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers are signal sources often employed in many types of electronic equipment. They show up as clock sources in high-frequency instruments and as local ...

An important task for a digital communications receiver is to remove any frequency/phase offsets that might exist between the transmitter and receiver oscillators. Designers typically implement a ...

A fuzzy tracking system performs as a narrow bandwidth tracking system in terms of noise reduction, and a wide bandwidth tracking system in terms of dynamic response, overcoming the contradiction ...