Understanding the disease risk of genetic variants is fundamental to precision medicine. Estimates of penetrance—the probability of disease for individuals with a variant allele—rely on ...
Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of multiple long-term conditions (LTCs), is an increasingly important clinical problem, but little is known about the underlying causes. We investigate the role of a ...
Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, "Probability is the most important concept in modern science, especially as nobody has the ...