The loop output can go directly to an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) or DMM in the configuration of K22 shown. If, however, filtering is needed to reduce noise during measurements, K22 can be ...

The objective of protective relays and protective schemes is to protect electrical equipment such as transformers, lines, cables, bus bars, etc. during abnormal system conditions. Hence, protective ...

The Barrington Model Circuit Breaker Simulator was designed to be a convenient, lightweight alternative to operating high-voltage circuit breakers while testing the operation of substation protection ...

Testing verifies that protection schemes meet their intended purpose, ensuring safety and system integrity. Function testing involves manual or electrical manipulation of components to confirm signal ...

Relays are electromechanical devices that use a magnetic solenoid to actual a switch. When current is passed through the solenoid coil, it produces a magnetic field. The magnetic field is strengthened ...

So you have power circuit breakers at your facility, and they seem to be just fine, sitting there quietly doing their job. What you may not realize is that even though your circuit breakers are ...

In part 1 of this series, “Circuits test key op amp parameters,” we addressed some of the basic op amp (operational amplifier) tests such as V OS (offset voltage), CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio), ...