Large language models are now central to the ideation phase, where possibilities are explored and assumptions are challenged. Their adoption for idea generation and brainstorming has surged, making these activities among the most common uses in organizations.

Teaching and learning, research and discovery, synthesis and creativity, understanding and engagement, service and outreach. There are many “core elements” to the mission of a great university. Teaching would seem the most obvious, but for those ...

Research is the pursuit of new knowledge through the process of discovery. Scientific research involves diligent inquiry and systematic observation of phenomena. Most scientific research projects involve experimentation, often requiring testing the effect ...

The Observer has compiled a list of 2025 guides, tutorials, and manuals designed to support psychological scientists as they expand their toolboxes of research practices and methods.

The objective of basic research is to gain more comprehensive knowledge or understanding of the subject under study, without specific applications in mind. In industry, basic research is defined as research that advances scientific knowledge but does not ...

Despite the importance of GoF modifications, they have sometimes faced misplaced concerns or opposition that could lead to their being overregulated or even banned.

Gain-of-function research (GOFR) refers to the serial passaging of microorganisms to increase their transmissibility, virulence, immunogenicity, and host tropism by applying selective pressure to a culture. GOF is performed to understand how a pathogen ...

Fraud may be rampant in biomedical research. My 2016 article "Broken Science" pointed to a variety of factors as explanations for why the results of a huge proportion of scientific studies were apparently generating false-positive results that could not be ...

Deborah Fuller receives funding from the National Institutes Health. The personal views expressed here are those of the authors. Patrick Mitchell receives funding from the National Institutes of Health. The personal views expressed here are those of the ...

Undergraduate research in chemistry is self-directed experimentation work under the guidance and supervision of a mentor or advisor. Students participate in an ongoing research project and investigate phenomena of interest to them and their advisor.