Variable frequency drives (VFDs), also known as variable speed drives (VSDs), are used to modulate the speed of motors in various applications, from hydronic water pumping to VAV fan units to vacuum ...

Stacking is the abnormal accumulation of refrigerant in the condenser of a chiller. It is commonly caused by a decrease in the difference in pressure or lift between the condenser and the evaporator.

Air is a non-condensable gas and the presence of excess air in a condenser will significantly degrade condenser performance and lower power plant efficiency. One of the major concerns in improving ...

Keeping a power plant’s surface condenser in proper working order requires paying attention to balance-of-plant systems as well. Failure to monitor and maintain cooling towers and vacuum pumps in ...

The quality of the cooling water intake and the amount of debris in that water affects the operation and performance of the condenser and therefore the thermal performance of the typical steam plant.

A conventional coal-fired plant in central Arkansas has two 850-MW units. The two units are identical and use identical cooling towers and condensers. The hyperbolic cooling towers are rated at ...

A seasoned veteran of the HVAC industry, Don Eppelheimer has been working for Trane since 1972. As global chiller systems manager: commercial systems, he recently hosted a workshop on chiller design ...

In a single reaction, synthetic chemists sometimes can run through hundreds of liters of water, possibly without realizing it. The culprit is their solvent condenser, a piece of glassware that uses ...