Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

Jared Ecker is a researcher and fact-checker. He possesses over a decade of experience in the Nuclear and National Defense sectors resolving issues on platforms as varied as stealth bombers to UAVs.

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Amanda Bellucco-Chatham is an editor, writer, and fact-checker with years of experience ...

Many cells in multicellular organisms are specialised. They have specific roles in the organism of which they are part. Their structure is adapted to their function. They are often grouped together ...

Green plants and algae use light energy to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity can affect the rate of photosynthesis.