The fractional stochastic delay differential equation (FSDDE) is a powerful mathematical tool for modeling complex systems that exhibit both fractional order dynamics and stochasticity with time ...
Fractional differential equations have recently gained popularity due to their ability to simulate a wide range of complex processes in various fields, including engineering, physics, biology, and ...
Calculation: A representation of a network of electromagnetic waveguides (left) being used to solve Dirichlet boundary value problems. The coloured diagrams at right represent the normalized ...
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